{"id":5527,"date":"2025-05-16T17:11:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T09:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/?p=5527"},"modified":"2025-05-29T15:41:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T07:41:27","slug":"the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sporty Side of Hanfu: Tieli &amp; Yesa Robes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Beyond the classic<strong>&nbsp;Dao robe<\/strong>&nbsp;we have discussed before, there\u2019s another category of Ming dynasty menswear that&#8217;s gaining modern popularity\u2014<strong>Tieli (\u8d34\u91cc)<\/strong>&nbsp;and <strong>Yesa (\u66f3\u6492)<\/strong>. These styles fall under what\u2019s known as the <strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>duan-yao\u201d<\/strong><strong>(\u65ad\u8170)<\/strong>&nbsp;robe structure, meaning the robe is visibly divided at the waist. They were commonly worn by men in the Ming era and are sometimes called the \u201cactivewear\u201d of traditional Hanfu due to their practicality and ease of movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, in the historical drama <em>The Glory<\/em>, the character Zhuang Yushan, the second daughter, is often seen in a pink, dress-like outfit with a flared <a href=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/\">Chinese dress<\/a>. Though portrayed on a female character, this style is actually based on <strong>Tieli<\/strong>, a traditionally male garment. <strong>Yesa<\/strong>&nbsp;is a similar silhouette, and both were heavily influenced by Mongol Yuan dynasty styles that were later sinicized (adapted to Han Chinese culture) during the Ming dynasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5529\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <em>Ming Gong Shi<\/em>, an official Ming palace record, the Yesa was designed as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThe back panel is uncut, the sides feature flaring panels, and the front is constructed in two sections, with horse-face pleats extending to the sides.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Both garments were typically worn by men, and when seen on women, it was usually part of a \u201c<strong>cross-dressing<\/strong>\u201d<strong>&nbsp;fashion trend<\/strong>&nbsp;in which women adopted traditionally male attire\u2014sometimes for dramatic effect, sometimes for practicality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. What\u2019s the Difference Between Tieli and Yesa?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Structure and Design<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieli and Yesa both trace their origins to the<strong>&nbsp;bianxian robes<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u8fab\u7ebf\u888d) from the Mongol Yuan dynasty. At first glance, they look quite similar: both feature <strong>cross collars<\/strong>,<strong>&nbsp;right lapels<\/strong>, and a two-part construction where the top and bottom sections are sewn together. They also both have <strong>pleated skirts<\/strong>&nbsp;at the bottom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But if you look closer, there\u2019s a clear difference in how those pleats are arranged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tieli<\/strong>&nbsp;has <strong>pleats all the way around<\/strong>, like a finely gathered <strong>pleated skirt.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yesa<\/strong>, on the other hand, features a \u201c<strong>horse-face\u201d pleat<\/strong>&nbsp;in the center front \u2014 much like the<strong>&nbsp;Mamian skirt<\/strong>&nbsp;worn by women \u2014 and the rest of the skirt remains relatively flat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"364\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5531\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Here\u2019s a simple trick to tell them apart:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yesa<\/strong>&nbsp;(left in the photo): Has a smooth back with <strong>no pleats<\/strong>&nbsp;and is cut from a single piece of fabric in the back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tieli<\/strong>&nbsp;(right in the photo): Has visible <strong>pleats at the back<\/strong>&nbsp;and is made with separate fabric panels sewn together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Social Class and Function<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieli was more <strong>versatile and widely worn<\/strong>. From nobles to scholars and even commoners, people across social classes wore Tieli. It could be worn as an<strong>&nbsp;inner layer or as outerwear.<\/strong>&nbsp;When worn outside, it was often<strong>&nbsp;luxurious and ornate<\/strong>, sometimes featuring <strong>dragon or python patterns<\/strong>. But when worn underneath, it served a more<strong>&nbsp;practical purpose<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 its skirt-like pleats helped give structure and shape to outer garments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yesa, however, was more<strong>&nbsp;ceremonial and elite<\/strong>. In the Ming dynasty, it was commonly worn by <strong>royals, nobles, and government officials<\/strong>. By the mid-Ming period, it had evolved into a type of <strong>military formal dress<\/strong>, known for its grand, dignified appearance.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"396\" src=\"http:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-48.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5534\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2161.&nbsp;A Quick Note on the \u201cFlying Fish Robe\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/\">Hanfu<\/a> enthusiasts, you\u2019ll often hear the term \u201c<strong>Flying Fish Robe<\/strong>\u201d\u2014but technically, that\u2019s a bit of a misnomer. \u201cFlying Fish\u201d actually refers to a pattern, not a <strong>specific garment style<\/strong>. It depicts a mythical creature with a dragon\u2019s head and a fish\u2019s tail\u2014dragon-like, but not quite a dragon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Ming dynasty, robes with this motif were <strong>imperial gift garments<\/strong>, but<strong>&nbsp;not the only kind<\/strong>. The hierarchy of these motifs went: <strong>Python<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u87d2) at the top, followed by<strong>&nbsp;Flying Fish<\/strong>, and then <strong>Fighting Bull<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u6597\u725b). All were dragon-like in design, symbolizing prestige and power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So a \u201c<strong>Flying Fish Robe<\/strong>\u201d can refer to <strong>any garment<\/strong>\u2014Tieli, Yesa, or otherwise\u2014that features the flying fish motif. It\u2019s not a term tied to one specific cut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among surviving examples, Flying Fish Robes often come in both Tieli and Yesa styles. Yesa, in particular, features a structured front panel and flowing pleats on the sides, giving it a dynamic and elegant look in motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re into this style, check out the movie <strong><em>Brotherhood of Blades<\/em><\/strong>\u2014its hanfu costumes and action scenes are stunning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"514\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-64.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5536\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s clear up a common misconception: <strong>Feiyu Fu<\/strong>, or &#8220;Flying Fish Robe,&#8221; wasn\u2019t exclusive to the Jinyiwei (\u9526\u8863\u536b, the Ming dynasty\u2019s imperial secret police). In fact, Feiyu refers to a <strong>pattern<\/strong>, not a particular garment style. It was part of the <strong>official rank insignia system<\/strong>, and could only be worn by officials of second rank or above\u2014<strong>granted personally by the emperor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These robes could take many forms. While Tieli and Yesa styles are most commonly seen today, the flying fish motif also appeared on <strong>high-collared and asymmetrical robes<\/strong>, showcasing just how<strong>&nbsp;diverse and flexible<\/strong>&nbsp;Ming dynasty fashion could be in terms of both <strong>design<\/strong>&nbsp;and <strong>decoration.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2162. Your Go-To Outfit for Outdoor Style<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Styles like these were widely worn by men throughout the Ming dynasty\u2014whether for<strong> formal occasions or daily wear<\/strong>. They were known for being incredibly practical. With their mid-length design, these robes made moving around easy and comfortable, making them a perfect fit for both <strong>everyday life and ceremonial settings.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Ming dynasty, Yesa and Tieli were like the ancient equivalent of <strong>mid-length dresses or coats<\/strong>, perfect for outdoor activities\u2014walking, riding, or even quick getaways. Thanks to their pleated lower halves, the robes would fan out gracefully with movement, lending the wearer a sharp and energetic look. It\u2019s no wonder these styles are so popular among modern male Hanfu enthusiasts.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"313\" src=\"http:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-88.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5539\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A major design highlight is the \u201c<strong>pipa sleeves<\/strong>\u201d, named for their resemblance to the traditional Chinese lute. These sleeves taper in at the armpit and curve elegantly toward the wrist. They\u2019re not just stylish\u2014<strong>they keep wind out and sleeves out of your way<\/strong>, making them highly functional for daily wear. Unsurprisingly, this sleeve type was all the rage during the Ming era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5541\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another clever feature is the <strong>white removable collar lining<\/strong>&nbsp;called a huling (\u62a4\u9886). Don\u2019t mistake it for part of the robe\u2014it\u2019s actually a washable add-on. Back then, laundry wasn\u2019t as convenient, especially during hot summers when sweat stained collars quickly. The huling was a practical and stylish solution: <strong>easy to clean<\/strong>, colorfast, and <strong>universally flattering<\/strong>, it matched just about any outfit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-119.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5543\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether it\u2019s Tieli or Yesa, these styles are like the \u201c<strong>activewear of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/\">traditional Chinese clothing<\/a>.<\/strong>\u201d Compared to the more formal and flowy daopao (robes with large sleeves), these are far better suited for physical activity. Today, you\u2019ll even see Hanfu lovers wearing them to <strong>practice archery or horseback riding<\/strong>&nbsp;at festivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stylish and practical? Absolutely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-135.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5545\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beyond the classic&nbsp;Dao robe&nbsp;we have discussed before, there\u2019s another category of Ming dynasty menswear that&#8217;s gaining modern popularity\u2014Tieli (\u8d34\u91cc)&nbsp;and Yesa (\u66f3\u6492). These styles fall under what\u2019s known as the \u201cduan-yao\u201d(\u65ad\u8170)&nbsp;robe structure, meaning the robe is visibly divided at the waist. They were commonly worn by men in the Ming era [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hanfu-knowledge-unveiled"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Sporty Side of Hanfu: Tieli &amp; Yesa Robes - Silk Divas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Sporty Side of Hanfu: Tieli &amp; Yesa Robes - Silk Divas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Beyond the classic&nbsp;Dao robe&nbsp;we have discussed before, there\u2019s another category of Ming dynasty menswear that&#8217;s gaining modern popularity\u2014Tieli (\u8d34\u91cc)&nbsp;and Yesa (\u66f3\u6492). These styles fall under what\u2019s known as the \u201cduan-yao\u201d(\u65ad\u8170)&nbsp;robe structure, meaning the robe is visibly divided at the waist. They were commonly worn by men in the Ming era [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Silk Divas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-16T09:11:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-29T07:41:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/176.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"xuezixuan2025\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"xuezixuan2025\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/the-sporty-side-of-hanfu-tieli-yesa-robes\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"xuezixuan2025\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.silkdivas.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/b7536bc63cebcb9f9cfc51ccbfffb8ea\"},\"headline\":\"The Sporty Side of Hanfu: Tieli &amp; 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